Traditionally, Kushti wrestling has been a male-dominated sport with a strong emphasis on celibacy (Brahmacharya) and a specific lifestyle. While female pehalwans are a more recent development in the context of traditional akhadas, they adapt the same rigorous training, diet, and discipline. Their practices focus on strength, technique, and mental fortitude, often training separately from men while adhering to cultural norms. The core principles of Kushti, focusing on physical and spiritual development, apply to all practitioners.
Kushti, or traditional Indian wrestling, is distinct due to several unique aspects. Unlike many modern wrestling forms, Kushti is performed in a traditional mud pit called an 'akhada', where the soil is specially prepared with oil, turmeric, and other ingredients to be soft and sacred. Pehalwans train intensely, often incorporating bodyweight exercises, gada (mace) swinging, and elaborate warm-up rituals. The emphasis is not just on physical strength but also on spiritual discipline, respect for gurus, and a specific lifestyle focused on purity and strength.
In the rich history of Kushti wrestling, several pehalwans are revered for their strength, technique, and character. Among the most legendary figures is Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt, famously known as The Great Gama or Gama Pehalwan, who remained undefeated throughout his career. Another highly respected figure is Guru Hanuman, who trained numerous champions and significantly contributed to the development of modern Indian wrestling while upholding traditional Kushti values. These figures embody the ideal of a pehalwan, inspiring generations.
Throughout history, Kushti wrestling has received significant patronage from various Indian rulers and royal families, who recognized its value for physical culture and martial prowess. Many maharajas and kings established and supported akhadas, providing pehalwans with facilities, food, and training. This patronage allowed Kushti to flourish and ensured the continuation of its traditions. These historical figures played a crucial role in preserving this ancient art form, embedding it deeply within Indian cultural heritage.
To reach an Akhada in Varanasi for a private wrestling tour, common transportation options include auto-rickshaws, cycle-rickshaws, and private taxis. These are readily available throughout the city. Depending on the specific Akhada's location, it might be accessible by walking from certain areas, especially if it's within the older parts of Varanasi. It is advisable to confirm the exact meeting point and preferred mode of transport with your tour organizer for the most convenient arrival.
The Akhada visited during the Varanasi Private Akhada Wrestling Tour holds significant historical value, often being hundreds of years old, as some can be over 500 years old. These traditional training grounds have been pivotal in preserving the ancient art of Kushti wrestling through generations. They serve not just as training pits but also as spiritual centers where pehalwans live and train under a guru's guidance, upholding strict disciplines and rituals that have been passed down for centuries, making them living legacies of Indian culture.
Before a Kushti wrestling session, pehalwans engage in several specific preparations and rituals. The akhada ground itself is meticulously prepared; the sacred soil is raked, watered, and sometimes mixed with oil, turmeric, and herbs. Wrestlers perform elaborate warm-up exercises including traditional Indian club swinging (Gada), rope climbing, and various bodyweight drills to build strength and stamina. Rituals often include prayers to deities, touching the soil in respect, and invoking blessings before entering the pit, emphasizing the spiritual aspect of Kushti.
To fully experience a traditional Akhada wrestling session, visitors generally need to be able to walk short distances and stand for periods to observe the training. Akhadas are often open-air or semi-open spaces, and seating might be traditional (e.g., on the ground) rather than formal. The primary requirement is comfortable mobility to navigate the akhada premises and find suitable vantage points for watching the pehalwans prepare and practice Kushti.